By Laura Sanders, Science News
Bug dope is loathsome to insects in all sorts of ways, new research finds.
Insects are known to intensely dislike the smell of the common repellent DEET, but they also hate the taste of it, a study appearing online August 25 in Neuron shows. And the lemony-fresh molecule citronellal stinks in two very different ways, a study appearing the same day in Current Biology finds.
A thorough understanding of exactly what makes these repellents nasty could lead to a new generation of bug dopes in the future, which would more effectively reduce the spread of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.
The research “hopefully points more and more toward a new horizon for replacements for things like DEET that will have higher effectiveness, lower toxicity and more environmental friendliness,” says molecular neuroscientist Laurence Zwiebel of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn., who was not involved in the current studies.
DEET, the main component in popular insect repellents, has been warding off mosquitoes for about 50 years now. It works presumably through its smell, but exactly how it repels insects has remained unclear, says Craig Montell of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, who is a coauthor of both studies.
Using fruit flies as stand-ins for mosquitoes, Montell and his colleagues wanted to know whether insects might be able to taste the repellent as well as smell it. Flies avoided drinking sugar water laced with DEET, the team found. To rule out the sense of smell, the researchers genetically engineered fruit flies that lacked a functional version of an important smell receptor. Those nonsmelling flies still avoided the DEET-laced sugar water, suggesting that some other sense was also at work.
Further experiments showed that three specific proteins — all of which respond to bitter tastes — responded to DEET. When the researchers disrupted these taste receptors, the flies no longer stayed away from the DEET, suggesting that normally, the flies were tasting the nasty chemical. The results, published in Neuron, show that DEET is “working though two senses, not just one sense,” Montell says.
When a female mosquito lands on skin, she uses special taste neurons on her body to determine whether there’s good eating to be had. Since the mosquito tastes before she chomps down, she might be persuaded to leave without eating.
“The first line of defense is you want to keep the bugs away from you,” Montell says. “But even if they do land on you, because DEET is also detected through the sense of taste, it also provides some protection by preventing them from biting.”
Although the DEET study was done on fruit flies, which are easier to genetically engineer than mosquitoes, the researchers think that mosquitoes and other biting insects, such as ticks, fleas or chiggers, may also taste and smell repellants in a variety of ways.
Montell’s Current Biology study focused on a different bug deterrent: citronellal, the lemon-scented botanical chemical that is common in tiki torches and outdoor candles. Vapor containing citronellal repulses fruit flies in two very different ways, the researchers found. One way is through a smell receptor, and the other is through a receptor called TRPA1. TRPA1 is also found in mosquitoes and humans, and it senses other noxious stimuli, including painful cold sensations, sharp needle pokes and the spicy compound in chili peppers. When the researchers genetically interfered with either TRPA1 or the smell receptor, the flies no longer avoided citronellal, suggesting that both were required for the aversion.
Knowing exactly how DEET and citronellal are repulsive to bugs could allow researchers to uncover better repellents that trigger the same reaction, Montell says. “This opens the possibility of screening through literally hundreds of thousands of compounds to find more effective repellents.”
Source: Science News
http://www.usnews.com/science/articles/2010/08/26/how-to-bug-bugs.html
Friday, August 27, 2010
Tuesday, August 24, 2010
Mosquito Disease ~ Dallas Mosquito Control Mosquito Misting
Description and Habits
Adult mosquitoes are about 1/4-inch long, with long legs, a pair of clear wings and a slender body. The body and wing veins are covered with scales. The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), was first detected in Texas in 1985 and is now a wide-spread and common species. It is distinctly black with white markings on the body and legs. The thorax is marked with a single white stripe down the middle.
Females of "standing water" mosquito species (Anopheles, Coquilettidia, Culiseta, Culex species) deposit masses of eggs in "rafts" on the water surface, while "floodwater" species (Aedes, Psorophora species) lay eggs either on plants on or below a still water surface or in moist soil depressions that will be subject to later flooding. Time for eggs to hatch varies with species from 16 to 24 hours to more than two years for floodwater mosquitoes.
Habitat and Food Sources
Blood-feeding females have piercing-sucking mouth parts and usually must ingest a blood meal in order to develop eggs. Males, as well as females, sip nectar, honeydew and fruit juices.
Mosquito species vary in aquatic larval habitats, ranging from ponds, puddles, containers and tree holes to other sources of standing, slow moving, fresh or salty water. Large numbers of mosquitoes can develop in swamps, tidal marshes, flood water and rice fields. Male mosquitoes swarm in "clouds" to attract females. Mosquitoes can fly and disperse with the wind.
Bites and Diseases
Adult females bite and may transmit diseases such as malaria, filariasis, West Nile, arthropod-borne viruses such as yellow fever, denge and encephalitis. Saliva, injected by females while engorging on blood causes itching. There are about 55 species of mosquitoes in Texas (170 species nationally).
Mosquito information and control measures can be found at: http://www.buzzkillpestcontrol.com/mosquitocontrol.html
Buzz Kill Pest Control is a leader in providing mosquito control for our customers in the Dallas Fort Worth metroplex. We have a variety of services to fit every customer's need and budget. Mosquitoes can be a real nuisance and can easily overtake your outdoors, making any beautiful evening unpleasant. Aside from the annoying, painful bites, mosquitoes are also known to carry diseases such as West Nile Virus.
Buzz Kill Pest Control can treat your outdoors on a one-time basis or with a regular maintenance program to maintain control. Some of our options include one-time event spraying, monthly spray applications and even portable mosquito systems that can make camping trips and afternoons in the park more comfortable. Other long term mosquito control options include the installation of automated misting systems, giving you the best level of mosquito control available for your home and backyard. Buzz Kill Pest Control uses only the latest in technologies and products to provide the best possible mosquito control service for our customers.
If your looking for any form of pest control, termite control, mosquito misting, mosquito control, rodent control or any other pest service please contact us with one of the options below.
Buzz Kill Pest Control, LLC
817-812-2899
http://www.buzzkillpestcontrol.com/
info@buzzkillpestcontrol.com
Sunday, August 22, 2010
Dallas Fort Worth Termite Control Service
Termite Control
Buzz Kill Pest Control has 20 years of experience in treating termites in the Dallas Fort Worth metroplex. We provide termite control and termite services for commercial, residential and industrial structures in both pre-construction and post construction phases of building. We offer liquid or conventional treatments along with baiting systems that include products like Termidor, Talstar, Advance Termite Bait System and Firstline Termite Defense System.
Buzz Kill Pest Control knows every infestation is unique and requires us to perform an inspection prior to making any recommendation of treatment or giving an estimate. If you are in the pre-construction phase of building and looking to prevent termites or you are concerned that you might have an active infestation of termites, call Buzz Kill Pest Control for a free termite estimate or consultation.
Visit our Specials page for a money saving offer that could be applied to your termite treatment.
http://www.buzzkillpestcontrol.com/specials.php
Native Subterranean Termites, Reticulitermes sp.
Subterranean Termites are the most destructive insect pests of wood in the United States. They cause billions of dollars in damage each year and have a negative impact on a family's most valuable possession - the home.
In nature, Subterranean Termites are beneficial because they break down cellulose into usable nutrients. The biomass resulting from this process is recycled to the soil as humus. Subterranean Termites are, therefore, considered important to our ecosystem.
Problems occur when termites attack the wooden elements of homes, businesses and warehouses built by humans. The presence of termites is often not readily noticed because their activity is hidden behind wall boards, siding or wood trim. Homeowners in all areas of Texas should watch for Subterranean Termites and take precautions against infestations. To minimize damage from termites, it is helpful to know the description, life cycle and signs of infestation of termites as well as preventive and control measures.
Identification
Subterranean Termites are social insects that live in nests or colonies in the soil. They contain three forms or castes: reproductives, workers (pseudergates) and soldiers. Individuals of each caste have several stages: the egg; the larva that develops into a pseudergate and eventually into a brachypterous nymph or soldier; and the adult. There are three forms of adult reproductive termites including primary, secondary and tertiary.
Reproductive males and females can be winged (primary) or wingless (secondary or tertiary). Females of each can lay eggs and produce offspring. The bodies of winged primary reproductives, also called swarmers or alates, vary by species from coal black to pale yellow-brown. Wings may be pale or smoky gray to brown and have distinct vein patterns used in identification. Reticulitermes swarmer termites are about 1/4 to 3/8 inch long.
Secondary and tertiary reproductives live within the colony and are white to cream-colored. These termites form a backup for the primary queen and may replace her if she is injured or dies. These termites mate within the colony and lay viable eggs. If supplementary reproductives and worker termites become isolated from the main colony, they can establish a new sub-colony.
Termite workers (psuedergates) make up the largest number of individuals within a colony and do all the work. They are wingless, white to creamy white and 1/4 to 3/8 inch long. They forage for food, feed the other castes, groom the queen and maintain and build tunnels and shelter tubes. Their mouth parts are very hard and adapted for chewing through wood or other cellulose materials. The worker caste is responsible for the damage that makes termites an economically important problem.
Soldiers resemble workers in color and general appearance, except they have well-developed brownish heads with strong mandibles or jaws. Soldiers defend the colony against invaders, primarily ants and other termites. They cannot forage for food or feed themselves, and they depend on the workers to care for them.
Ants and termites often swarm at about the same time of year but control measures for each differ greatly. It is therefore, important to be able to distinguish between swarming termites and ants.
Biology and habits
After 2 to 4 years, a Subterranean termite colony is mature and produces "swarmers" (winged primary reproductives). Termite swarmers leave the colony in large numbers during the spring and early summer. Swarming begins in South Texas in January and February; in the Panhandle region of Texas, swarms do not occur until April and May. Environmental factors such as heat, light, and moisture trigger the emergence of swarmers, with each species having its own set of requirements. The number of swarmers produced is proportional to the age and size of the colony.
During the swarming process, males (kings) and females (queens) pair off using pheromones. Successful reproductive pairs land, lose their wings and seek cover under rocks or other moist materials. A pair will make a very small nest before mating. Initially, the new queen termites lays only a few eggs. The male remains with the female and helps care for developing eggs and the larva that hatch.
The maximum size of a termite colony depends on location, food availability and environmental conditions, especially temperature and moisture. Some colonies remain small; others contain up to several thousand individuals. New colonies form when groups of termites become isolated from the main colony and establish sub-colonies. This is called "colony splitting" or "budding." These sub-colonies may exist independently or reunite with the main colony.
Subterranean Termites get their nutrition from wood and other material containing cellulose. Paper, cotton, burlap or other plant products often are actively consumed by termites. Sometimes termites will even tunnel into the dead heartwood or pith of living plants. Most species of Subterranean Termites cannot digest cellulose directly and depend on single celled protozoans and bacteria living in their hindguts to help digest the cellulose. Digested cellulose is then shared with the developing larvae, other workers, soldiers and reproductives.
Termites are attracted to certain odors of wood-decaying fungi that make the wood more palatable and easier to penetrate. In some instances, the fungi provide a source of nitrogen in the termite diet.
Moisture is important to Subterranean Termites as they have very little resistance to dehydration. To survive, termites must maintain contact with the soil (their primary source of moisture) or other above-ground moisture sources, such as defective plumbing, leaky roofs, leaks from air conditioning condensers or poorly maintained gutters.
Damage
Dead trees and brush provide a natural food source for foraging Subterranean Termites. When natural vegetation is cleared and houses are built, termites often switch to feeding on wooden structures. Termites enter buildings through wood that is in direct contact with the soil and by building shelter tubes over or through cracks in foundations. Any cellulose material in direct contact with the soil, such as trees, vines or plumbing fixtures, can serve as an avenue of infestation.
Signs of infestation
Active termite infestations can be difficult to detect. To find out if a home is infested, the structure should be checked for evidence of swarmers (including wings or dead termites in windows), mud tubes or damaged wood inside or around a structure.
Swarmers: Generally, the first sign of infestation homeowners notice is swarming reproductives on windowsills or near indoor lights. Swarming termites inside the house usually indicate an active infestation in the structure. Termite wings may be found on windowsills or stuck to cobwebs indoors. Though swarmers outdoors are a natural phenomenon, they indicate that termites are present and may be attacking nearby structures.
Mud tubes: Mud shelter tubes on crawl space piers, utility penetrations or on foundation walls and slabs are a sign of termite infestation. Termite shelter tubes can blend in well with the soil or concrete, making them difficult to see. To make inspecting the home for termites easier, prune vegetation away from the house walls. The soil line should be several inches below the top of slabs or foundation walls. An inspector should look for mud tubes carefully along cracks, in corners or where the top of the foundation is close to the ground. A screwdriver is useful to break open suspected termite tubes and detect live termites.
Wood damage often is not found initially, but is positive indication of a current or past termite infestation. Wherever wood comes in contact with the soil there is a high risk for termite entry. Carefully examine any wood that thuds or sounds dull when struck by a screwdriver or hammer. Probing suspected areas with sharp instrument such as a screwdriver or an ice pick will often disclose termite galleries or damage.
Characteristics of damaged wood
Subterranean Termite damage is usually confined to the soft, spring-growth of wood. Termite tunnels and galleries tend to follow the wood grain and are lined with mud or may have a pale, spotted appearance resulting from soft fecal material plastered on tunnel surfaces. Moisture sources may cause wood decay and can encourage Subterranean termite infestation. Deterioration caused by wood-destroying fungi can be confused with termite damage.
Distribution
Several species of Subterranean Termites are found in the United States; they live in every state except Alaska. Two major types of Subterranean Termites are commonly found in Texas. They are the Native Subterranean termite and Formosan Subterranean termite, and both are serious threats to wooden structures.
Native Subterranean Termite species in the Genus Reticulitermes are found throughout the United States. Because they are so broadly distributed they are considered the most economically important.
-Information provided by http://urbanentomology.tamu.edu/urban_pests/index.cfm-
Buzz Kill Pest Control has 20 years of experience in treating termites in the Dallas Fort Worth metroplex. We provide termite control and termite services for commercial, residential and industrial structures in both pre-construction and post construction phases of building. We offer liquid or conventional treatments along with baiting systems that include products like Termidor, Talstar, Advance Termite Bait System and Firstline Termite Defense System.
Buzz Kill Pest Control knows every infestation is unique and requires us to perform an inspection prior to making any recommendation of treatment or giving an estimate. If you are in the pre-construction phase of building and looking to prevent termites or you are concerned that you might have an active infestation of termites, call Buzz Kill Pest Control for a free termite estimate or consultation.
Visit our Specials page for a money saving offer that could be applied to your termite treatment.
http://www.buzzkillpestcontrol.com/specials.php
Native Subterranean Termites, Reticulitermes sp.
Subterranean Termites are the most destructive insect pests of wood in the United States. They cause billions of dollars in damage each year and have a negative impact on a family's most valuable possession - the home.
In nature, Subterranean Termites are beneficial because they break down cellulose into usable nutrients. The biomass resulting from this process is recycled to the soil as humus. Subterranean Termites are, therefore, considered important to our ecosystem.
Problems occur when termites attack the wooden elements of homes, businesses and warehouses built by humans. The presence of termites is often not readily noticed because their activity is hidden behind wall boards, siding or wood trim. Homeowners in all areas of Texas should watch for Subterranean Termites and take precautions against infestations. To minimize damage from termites, it is helpful to know the description, life cycle and signs of infestation of termites as well as preventive and control measures.
Identification
Subterranean Termites are social insects that live in nests or colonies in the soil. They contain three forms or castes: reproductives, workers (pseudergates) and soldiers. Individuals of each caste have several stages: the egg; the larva that develops into a pseudergate and eventually into a brachypterous nymph or soldier; and the adult. There are three forms of adult reproductive termites including primary, secondary and tertiary.
Reproductive males and females can be winged (primary) or wingless (secondary or tertiary). Females of each can lay eggs and produce offspring. The bodies of winged primary reproductives, also called swarmers or alates, vary by species from coal black to pale yellow-brown. Wings may be pale or smoky gray to brown and have distinct vein patterns used in identification. Reticulitermes swarmer termites are about 1/4 to 3/8 inch long.
Secondary and tertiary reproductives live within the colony and are white to cream-colored. These termites form a backup for the primary queen and may replace her if she is injured or dies. These termites mate within the colony and lay viable eggs. If supplementary reproductives and worker termites become isolated from the main colony, they can establish a new sub-colony.
Termite workers (psuedergates) make up the largest number of individuals within a colony and do all the work. They are wingless, white to creamy white and 1/4 to 3/8 inch long. They forage for food, feed the other castes, groom the queen and maintain and build tunnels and shelter tubes. Their mouth parts are very hard and adapted for chewing through wood or other cellulose materials. The worker caste is responsible for the damage that makes termites an economically important problem.
Soldiers resemble workers in color and general appearance, except they have well-developed brownish heads with strong mandibles or jaws. Soldiers defend the colony against invaders, primarily ants and other termites. They cannot forage for food or feed themselves, and they depend on the workers to care for them.
Ants and termites often swarm at about the same time of year but control measures for each differ greatly. It is therefore, important to be able to distinguish between swarming termites and ants.
Biology and habits
After 2 to 4 years, a Subterranean termite colony is mature and produces "swarmers" (winged primary reproductives). Termite swarmers leave the colony in large numbers during the spring and early summer. Swarming begins in South Texas in January and February; in the Panhandle region of Texas, swarms do not occur until April and May. Environmental factors such as heat, light, and moisture trigger the emergence of swarmers, with each species having its own set of requirements. The number of swarmers produced is proportional to the age and size of the colony.
During the swarming process, males (kings) and females (queens) pair off using pheromones. Successful reproductive pairs land, lose their wings and seek cover under rocks or other moist materials. A pair will make a very small nest before mating. Initially, the new queen termites lays only a few eggs. The male remains with the female and helps care for developing eggs and the larva that hatch.
The maximum size of a termite colony depends on location, food availability and environmental conditions, especially temperature and moisture. Some colonies remain small; others contain up to several thousand individuals. New colonies form when groups of termites become isolated from the main colony and establish sub-colonies. This is called "colony splitting" or "budding." These sub-colonies may exist independently or reunite with the main colony.
Subterranean Termites get their nutrition from wood and other material containing cellulose. Paper, cotton, burlap or other plant products often are actively consumed by termites. Sometimes termites will even tunnel into the dead heartwood or pith of living plants. Most species of Subterranean Termites cannot digest cellulose directly and depend on single celled protozoans and bacteria living in their hindguts to help digest the cellulose. Digested cellulose is then shared with the developing larvae, other workers, soldiers and reproductives.
Termites are attracted to certain odors of wood-decaying fungi that make the wood more palatable and easier to penetrate. In some instances, the fungi provide a source of nitrogen in the termite diet.
Moisture is important to Subterranean Termites as they have very little resistance to dehydration. To survive, termites must maintain contact with the soil (their primary source of moisture) or other above-ground moisture sources, such as defective plumbing, leaky roofs, leaks from air conditioning condensers or poorly maintained gutters.
Damage
Dead trees and brush provide a natural food source for foraging Subterranean Termites. When natural vegetation is cleared and houses are built, termites often switch to feeding on wooden structures. Termites enter buildings through wood that is in direct contact with the soil and by building shelter tubes over or through cracks in foundations. Any cellulose material in direct contact with the soil, such as trees, vines or plumbing fixtures, can serve as an avenue of infestation.
Signs of infestation
Active termite infestations can be difficult to detect. To find out if a home is infested, the structure should be checked for evidence of swarmers (including wings or dead termites in windows), mud tubes or damaged wood inside or around a structure.
Swarmers: Generally, the first sign of infestation homeowners notice is swarming reproductives on windowsills or near indoor lights. Swarming termites inside the house usually indicate an active infestation in the structure. Termite wings may be found on windowsills or stuck to cobwebs indoors. Though swarmers outdoors are a natural phenomenon, they indicate that termites are present and may be attacking nearby structures.
Mud tubes: Mud shelter tubes on crawl space piers, utility penetrations or on foundation walls and slabs are a sign of termite infestation. Termite shelter tubes can blend in well with the soil or concrete, making them difficult to see. To make inspecting the home for termites easier, prune vegetation away from the house walls. The soil line should be several inches below the top of slabs or foundation walls. An inspector should look for mud tubes carefully along cracks, in corners or where the top of the foundation is close to the ground. A screwdriver is useful to break open suspected termite tubes and detect live termites.
Wood damage often is not found initially, but is positive indication of a current or past termite infestation. Wherever wood comes in contact with the soil there is a high risk for termite entry. Carefully examine any wood that thuds or sounds dull when struck by a screwdriver or hammer. Probing suspected areas with sharp instrument such as a screwdriver or an ice pick will often disclose termite galleries or damage.
Characteristics of damaged wood
Subterranean Termite damage is usually confined to the soft, spring-growth of wood. Termite tunnels and galleries tend to follow the wood grain and are lined with mud or may have a pale, spotted appearance resulting from soft fecal material plastered on tunnel surfaces. Moisture sources may cause wood decay and can encourage Subterranean termite infestation. Deterioration caused by wood-destroying fungi can be confused with termite damage.
Distribution
Several species of Subterranean Termites are found in the United States; they live in every state except Alaska. Two major types of Subterranean Termites are commonly found in Texas. They are the Native Subterranean termite and Formosan Subterranean termite, and both are serious threats to wooden structures.
Native Subterranean Termite species in the Genus Reticulitermes are found throughout the United States. Because they are so broadly distributed they are considered the most economically important.
-Information provided by http://urbanentomology.tamu.edu/urban_pests/index.cfm-
Friday, August 20, 2010
Dallas Fort Worth bed bug control service ~ Buzz Kill Pest Control
Buzz Kill Pest Control takes great measures to irradicate an infestation of bed bugs from your living environment. Our customers can rest assured that their bed bug treatment will be thorough and cost effective. Bed bugs are on the rise in multi-family dwellings such as apartment complexes. Hotels, motels and even airplanes are seeing an increase in bed bug pressure. Bed bug infestations are also occurring in homes with one family, so the need for control of these once irradicated pests has become increasingly important over the last several years.
Buzz Kill Pest Control uses the latest in technologies as well as treatment programs to fight these pesky blood sucking creatures. Below is some additional information that may help educate you on these increasingly common pests.
Feel free to give us a call or check us out on-line.
817-812-2899
http://www.buzzkillpestcontrol.com/
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